![]() It can be inherited such as in cases of Thalassemia and Sickle cell anemia or can be acquired due to causes such as infections, medications, blood cancer, spleen issues, after blood transfusion, autoimmune disorders or from mechanical heart valves causing physical injury to the cells. This occurs when the body is unable to replenish the destroyed RBCs, ie, the erythrocytes are destroyed at a faster rate than at which they are produced. ![]() Fanconi Anemia is a rare condition that is an inherited form of aplastic anemia and can reduce the lifespan of a person, patients usually live up to 18 years of age. It results from the immune system attacking its own bone marrow and is usually preceded by a trigger such as exposure to toxins, viral infections, pregnancy, certain medications or can be purely autoimmune by nature. It is a rare disorder and can be both acute or chronic in nature, it can even prove to be fatal in some. This can occur due to toxins and some diseases. This condition occurs when the body is unable to produce enough RBCs. Vitamin B 12 deficiency results from inadequate supply from the diet, gastric surgeries, intestinal absorption issues and from Pernicious anemia in which the stomach lining is destroyed and is unable to produce Intrinsic factor which is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the body. Folate deficiency in pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in the offspring. Folate deficiency can occur due to lack of nutrition, from absorption issues such as due to intestinal troubles like in Crohn’s disease, excessive alcohol consumption and some medications such as anti-seizure medicines or from surgical removal of the intestines. Hence a deficiency of these can lead to anemia known as Pernicious anemia. Other than iron, the body requires folate and vitamin B 12 as well for the production of healthy red blood cells. It is very important to find out the cause of iron deficiency anemia in order to prevent it from recurring. Pica is a symptom seen in iron deficiency anemia that causes an unusual craving for indigestible foods. This is because its cause lies in excessive blood loss, lack of nutritional supplementation, absorption disorders and pregnancy. Risk factors for Iron Deficiency anemia include women, infants, children, vegetarians and frequent blood donors. It can occur in cases of pregnancy and due to severe blood loss such from menorrhagia or injuries, stomach ulcers and cancers can cause this anemia. Iron is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin. This is the most common form of Anemia and occurs due to a shortage of iron in the body.
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